DNA

1. The ability of a cell to maintain order in a chaotic environment depends on the accurate duplication of the vast quantity of genetic information carried in its DNA. This duplication process, called DNA replication, must occur before a cell can produce two genetically identical daughter cells http://www.garlandscience.com/textbooks/081533480X/pdf/ch06.pdf
2. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics.pdf
3. Parvoviruses are unique among all known viruses in having singlestranded DNA genomes which are linear. Virions are non-enveloped, containing a single copy of the small (4-6 kb) viral chromosome encapsidated in a rugged icosahedral protein capsid 18-26 nm in diameter. http://dnareplication.cshl.edu/content/free/chapters/28_cotmore.pdf
4. Recombinant DNA, also known as in vitro recombination, is a technique involved in creating and
   purifying desired genes. Molecular cloning (i.e. gene cloning) involves creating recombinant DNA
   and introducing it into a host cell to be replicated. One of the basic strategies of molecular cloning is
   to move desired genes from a large, complex genome to a small, simple one. http://www.unh.edu/ehs/pdf/Recombinant-DNA.pdf
5. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular double-stranded molecule, 16,569 base pairs (bp) in length that codes for 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) http://www.leipzig-school.eva.mpg.de/pdf/Stoneking_mtDNA_review.pdf
6. DNA yang diisolasi dari tanaman seringkali terkontaminasi oleh polisakarida dan metabolit sekunder
   seperti tanin, pigmen, alkaloid dan flavonoid. Sedangkan DNA dari h ebih banyak mengandung
   protein. Salah satu kesulitan isolasi DNA dari tanaman tinggi adalah proses destruksi dinding sel untuk
   melepaskan isi sel http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/D%20-%20FPMIPA/JUR.%20PEND.%20BIOLOGI/197008112001122%20-%20DIAH%20KUSUMAWATY/Materi/Isolasi%20DNA.pdf
7. Sequences that possess redundant functionality but lack sequence homology may not be quantified using these methods. In particular, the ability of vertebrate cis-regulatory sequences to shuffle individual binding sites http://bejerano.stanford.edu/papers/genomeres2008.pdf
8. The vaccinia genome encodes most, if not all, of the functions required for three temporally regulated phases of transcription and for DNA replication http://dnareplication.cshl.edu/content/free/chapters/27_traktman.pdf
9. Figure 1 Classification of CACTA DNA transposons in D. pulex based on alignments of terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). Alignment http://genomebiology.com/content/pdf/gb-2010-11-4-r46.pdf
10. For any DNA sequence, the START Codon is ATG - Methionine and the ..... To help with the numerical analysis of DNA, you need to know the following http://www.biblemaths.com/dna.pdf